How much do you know about home solar inverters?
Inverter, also known as power conditioner and power regulator, is an essential part of PV system. The main function of the PV inverter is to convert the DC power generated by the solar panel into AC power for home appliances, and all the electricity generated by the solar panel has to be processed by the inverter before it can be output to the outside.
Solar AC power generation system is composed of solar panels, charge controller, inverter and battery together, while solar DC power generation system does not include inverter. The process of converting AC energy into DC energy is called rectification, the circuit that completes the rectification function is called rectification circuit, and the device that implements the rectification process is called rectification equipment or rectifier. In contrast, the process of converting DC energy into AC energy is called inverting, the circuit that performs the inverting function is called inverting circuit, and the device that realizes the inverting process is called inverting equipment or inverter.
The heart of an inverter device is the inverter switching circuit, referred to as the inverter circuit. This circuit performs the function of inverter through the on and off of power electronic switches. The on and off of power electronic switching devices requires certain driving pulses that may be regulated by changing a voltage signal. The circuit that generates and regulates the pulses is usually called a control circuit or control loop. The basic structure of an inverter device, in addition to the above-mentioned inverter and control circuits, includes a protection circuit, an output circuit, an input circuit, an output circuit, etc.
Functional role
The inverter not only has the function of direct AC conversion, but also has the function of maximizing the function of solar cell and the system fault maintenance function. In summary, there are active operation and shutdown function, maximum power tracking and control function, anti-alone operation function (for grid-connected system), active voltage adjustment function (for grid-connected system), DC detection function (for grid-connected system), DC ground detection function (for grid-connected system). Here we briefly introduce the active operation and shutdown function and the maximum power tracking and control function.
1. Active operation and shutdown function: After the sunrise in the morning, the solar radiation intensity gradually strengthens, and the output of the solar cell increases, and when it reaches the output power required for the inverter task, the inverter starts to operate actively. After entering into operation, the inverter will watch the output of the solar cell module every moment. As long as the output power of the solar cell module is greater than the output power required for the inverter's task, the inverter will continue to operate; until the sunset, the inverter can also operate even on rainy days. When the output of the solar cell module becomes smaller and the inverter output is close to 0, the inverter will constitute a standby form.
2. Maximum power tracking and control function: The output of the solar cell module changes with the intensity of solar radiation and the temperature of the solar cell module itself (chip temperature). In addition, because the solar cell module has the characteristics of voltage decreases with the increase of current, so there is the best task point to obtain the maximum power. The solar radiation intensity is shifting, so obviously the optimal task point is also shifting. In relation to these shifts, the task point of the solar cell module is always at the maximum power point, and the system always obtains the maximum power output from the solar cell module, and this control is the maximum power tracking control. The most important feature of inverters for solar power systems is the inclusion of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) function.
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